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Boa Esporte Clube, também conhecido como Boa ou Boa Esporte, é uma associação esportiva mineira fundada originalmente em Ituiutaba, pontal🍉 do Triângulo Mineiro, em 30 de abril de 1947, tornando-se profissional em 1998.
Em 2011, a equipe se transfere para a🍉 cidade de Varginha, passando a jogar sob o nome de Boa Esporte Clube.
O "novo" nome do clube não é uma🍉 novidade, uma vez que Boa já era o apelido do Ituiutaba e primeiro nome do clube, fundado em 1947 como🍉 Boa Vontade Esporte Clube[1].
Sua história atual é semeada por uma recente ascensão dentro do futebol estadual.
Em 30 de abril de🍉 1947, no salão de festas do Ituiutaba Clube, segundo pavimento, fundaram solenemente o Boa Vontade Esporte Clube, sob a liderança🍉 de Luiz Alberto Franco Junqueira, Saulo de Freitas Barros e Nadim Derze, com o apoio de Pascoal di Rosatto, Abadio🍉 Manoel da Costa (Badião), Aziz Abdalla Mussa, Afif Abdalla Mussa, Paulo Chaves, João Nina, José Batista Ferreira (Zé Padre), Roque🍉 de Souza Bastos, Giberto Vilela Cancella (Bete Cancela), Roney Dantas de Brito, Jacob Nicolau Tahan, Gastão Vilela França, Gilson Vilela🍉 Cancella (Nenê Cancella), Pedro de Freitas Barros, Manoel Ribeiro de Oliveira (Neca), João Batista Castanheira (Cumba), Sidney de Souza, Ari🍉 Rodrigues da Cunha, Juarez Alves Muniz (I), Ardelino Ferreira (Tingo).
O nome Boa é, portanto, o primeiro nome do Ituiutaba Esporte🍉 Clube, que teve como primeiro presidente o jovem Luiz Alberto Franco Junqueira.
No seu primeiro ano de existência, o Boa ganhou🍉 o torneio da Taça Philco, oferta de Gildo Vilela Cancella.
No mesmo ano de 1947, o Boa passou a denominar-se Ituiutaba🍉 Esporte Clube.
O clube possui hino próprio, elaborado por Lourival Balduíno do Carmo (conhecido como Barão Barbeiro), natural de Uberaba e🍉 autor também do hino do Uberaba Sport Club.
Em 1998, se torna profissional e joga pela primeira vez a segunda divisão🍉 do Campeonato Mineiro, caindo ainda na primeira fase.
Mas acaba ascendendo ao Módulo II do Campeonato Mineiro juntamente com o Atlético🍉 Clube de Três Corações, o Ipatinga Futebol Clube e a Sociedade Esportiva Guaxupé, pela desistência de várias equipes que iriam🍉 disputar este campeonato.
Em 2004, o Ituiutaba vence o Módulo II do Campeonato Mineiro.
No ano seguinte, após boa campanha na Primeira🍉 Divisão mineira, classifica-se para a Série C do Campeonato Brasileiro, onde joga com equipes tradicionais do interior de São Paulo🍉 na primeira fase.
Classifica-se para a fase seguinte, onde é eliminada pelo Villa Nova.
Em 2006, o Ituiutaba faz mais uma ótima🍉 campanha e por pouco não se classifica para as semifinais do campeonato estadual.
Como em 2005, participou do Campeonato Brasileiro da🍉 Série C.
Mas foi eliminado logo na segunda fase.
Em 2007, a diretoria contrata o ex-goleiro da seleção chilena, Roberto Rojas, para🍉 comandar a Equipe no Mineiro, porém não consegue bons resultados e quase é rebaixado para o Módulo II.
Mas no mesmo🍉 ano, o time da a volta por cima.
A diretoria contrata bons jogadores para a Taça Minas Gerais e consegue o🍉 título inédito na Fazendinha.
Em 2008, o clube chega aos seus dez anos de profissionalismo.
Após manter a base da Taça Minas🍉 Gerais, consegue o 4º lugar inédito no Campeonato Mineiro, e a vaga para as semifinais.
No primeiro jogo, o Ituiutaba mandou🍉 seu jogo no Mineirão (por questões financeiras) e conseguiu um empate incrível com o Cruzeiro (4–4, após estar perdendo por🍉 4–1).
No Segundo jogo (novamente no Mineirão, só que desta vez com mando de campo do Cruzeiro), o time começa vencendo🍉 no primeiro tempo por 1–0.
Porém, não aguenta a pressão e o cansaço, e o Cruzeiro vira o jogo em 3–1.Com🍉 a 4.
ª posição, consegue vaga para série C de 2008 e Copa do Brasil de 2009.
O time faz uma campanha🍉 ótima na primeira fase da série C, ficando invicto, mas é eliminado na terceira fase da Série C, ficando assim🍉 em 10º lugar, garantindo vaga na série C de 2009, que passou a ser disputada por 20 clubes.
No Campeonato Mineiro🍉 de 2009, o Ituiutaba terminou a primeira fase em 3.
º lugar geral, com 20 pontos, atrás apenas de Cruzeiro e🍉 Atlético.
Em 11 jogos conseguiu 6 vitórias, 2 empates e 3 derrotas.
Nas quartas de final, enfrentou o Democrata de Governador Valadares,🍉 vencendo as duas partidas, por 1–0 (em casa) e 2–1 (fora).
Na semifinal, foi desclassificado pelo Cruzeiro, perdendo as duas partidas,🍉 ambas jogadas no Mineirão, por 4–1 e 2–1.
Na Série C de 2009 fez uma campanha razoável.
Sem conseguir passar da primeira🍉 fase (3.
º colocado), ficou em 11º lugar na classificação final.
Na Taça Minas Gerais, no entanto, fez a pior campanha de🍉 bonus casino no deposit 2024 história, ficando em último lugar, sem nenhuma vitória.
Em 2010, o Ituiutaba foi a equipe com a pior campanha no🍉 Campeonato Mineiro, sendo rebaixado para o Módulo II, depois de 6 anos na divisão principal do estadual.
[2] O time conseguiu🍉 na competição apenas uma única vitória, empatando duas e perdendo as outras oito.
Na Copa do Brasil, foi eliminado logo na🍉 primeira fase pelo Goiás.
A equipe mineira perdeu a primeira partida no Estádio da Fazendinha por 3–2.
Mesmo vencendo o jogo até🍉 metade do segundo tempo por 2–1, nos 25 minutos finais, a equipe goiana conseguiu uma virada em duas falhas de🍉 marcação.
[3] Mesmo com uma péssima campanha no Mineiro 2010, a torcida boveta compareceu e apoiou o time.
O segundo jogo foi🍉 no Estádio da Serrinha, em Goiânia.
A partida terminou sem gols, classificando o time esmeraldino.
Na Série C do Campeonato Brasileiro a🍉 equipe surpreendeu e conseguiu um feito inédito em bonus casino no deposit 2024 história, a ascensão para a Série B.
A classificação veio depois de🍉 dois empates com a Chapecoense pelas quartas de final.
O primeiro jogo, em Santa Catarina, ficou 1–1 e o segundo não🍉 teve gols.
A equipe mineira então, venceu pela regra do gol fora de casa, por empatar o jogo em 0–0.
[4] Na🍉 semifinal, o adversário foi o tradicional Criciúma.
O primeiro jogo foi também em Santa Catarina e terminou empatado em 1–1.
O segundo🍉 foi no estádio Parque do Sabiá em Uberlândia, pois a CBF exige capacidade mínima de 10 mil lugares para esta🍉 fase do campeonato.
O jogo terminou empatado também em 1–1.
Por dois resultados iguais, a partida foi para os pênaltis com a🍉 vitória por 4–2 para o Ituiutaba.
[5] Na grande final, disputada contra o ABC de Natal, o primeiro jogo foi também🍉 no estádio Parque do Sabiá, com a derrota de 1–0 do Ituiutaba.
[6] No jogo da volta, o ABC jogou pelo🍉 resultado, e a partida terminou empatada sem gols, com o título do ABC.[7]
Em 2011, a equipe do Ituiutaba passa a🍉 jogar sob o nome de Boa Esporte Clube, devido ao contrato assinado com a Prefeitura Municipal de Varginha que em🍉 uma de suas cláusulas exigia a alteração do nome do Ituiutaba para o seu antigo nome: Boa Esporte Clube.
O nome🍉 é uma referência ao nome original do clube, Boa Vontade Esporte Clube.[8][9]
Após iniciar mal o campeonato mineiro do Módulo II,🍉 o time reagiu e sagrou-se campeão vencendo as duas partidas da final contra o Nacional, time de Nova Serrana, retornando🍉 à elite do futebol mineiro.
O Boa obteve também, grandes resultados no Campeonato Brasileiro série B, principal campeonato já disputado pelo🍉 clube tricolor, ficando na 7.
ª posição, quatro pontos abaixo do grupo de acesso à série A.
Sem dúvidas o ano de🍉 2011 foi o ano mais vitorioso do clube de Ituiutaba.
Em 2012 o Boa Esporte ficou no meio da tabela no🍉 Campeonato Mineiro e não conseguiu repetir a campanha do ano anterior na segunda divisão do Campeonato Brasileiro e lutou praticamente🍉 o ano todo contra o rebaixamento.
Mesmo assim conseguiu ficar com a 15.
ª posição no campeonato, assim garantindo bonus casino no deposit 2024 vaga para🍉 a Série B do ano seguinte.
Nesse mesmo ano o time conseguiu o segundo título da Taça Minas Gerais, derrotando o🍉 Villa Nova na final.
No ano de 2013 a equipe boveta fez uma péssima campanha no campeonato mineiro.
Lutou contra o rebaixamento🍉 e termino apenas na 10.
ª colocação (uma antes da zona de rebaixamento).
No Campeonato Brasileiro série B, disputou o ano inteiro🍉 pelo G-4, mas no final do campeonato teve uma queda de rendimento que o fez terminar apenas em 11.º lugar.
A🍉 equipe teve um ótimo desempenho no campeonato.
Nessa temporada o Boa Esporte também disputou a Copa do Brasil mas foi eliminado🍉 logo na primeira fase pelo Salgueiro.
No campeonato Mineiro se sagrou campeão do interior, com um excelente trabalho da Fisioterapia do🍉 Clube prevenindo as lesões e contribuindo para tal feito.
O Boa Esporte quase se classificou para a primeira divisão, na última🍉 rodada, a equipe boveta só precisaria de uma vitória para o acesso, porém, perdeu de virada para o Icasa, resultado🍉 que deixou o Boa na 2.ª divisão de 2015.
No ano de 2015, após cinco anos disputando a Série B do🍉 Campeonato Brasileiro, o clube foi rebaixado para a Série C após uma péssima campanha, com algumas vitórias no final do🍉 segundo turno.[10]
Em 2016, sofreu o segundo rebaixamento seguido, dessa vez no Campeonato Mineiro, após 12 anos na elite, a equipe🍉 boveta disputou o Campeonato Mineiro - Módulo II, após perder para o Cruzeiro por 3–2, terminando em último colocado.
Em 9🍉 de outubro, no Estádio Melão, o Boa Esporte Clube vence o Botafogo - PB por 1–0, com gol de Gênesis🍉 aos 50 minutos do 2.
º tempo e garante o retorno à Série B do Campeonato Brasileiro em 2017.
No dia 5🍉 de novembro, novamente no Estádio Melão, o Boa Esporte Clube venceu o Guarani por 3–0, gols de Samudio, aos 9🍉 minutos do 1.
º tempo, Fellipe Mateus, aos 13, e Kaio Cristian, aos 47 minutos do segundo tempo e garante o🍉 título da Série C do Campeonato Brasileiro, o maior feito de bonus casino no deposit 2024 história.
O clube se envolve em polêmica nacional após🍉 anunciar a contratação do goleiro Bruno Fernandes de Souza, condenado pelo assassinato e ocultação do cadáver de bonus casino no deposit 2024 ex-namorada, Eliza🍉 Samudio (ver Caso Eliza Samudio).
Bruno foi libertado da prisão em 24 de fevereiro de 2017 por força de um habeas🍉 corpus concedido pelo Ministro do Supremo Tribunal Federal, Marco Aurélio Mello.
A decisão do Boa, confirmada no dia 10 de março,🍉 foi contestada pelos torcedores do clube e recebeu manifestações contrárias de todo o país.
Desde o anúncio da contratação, o Boa🍉 Esporte perdeu quatro patrocinadores: o Grupo Gois & Silva, a Cardiocenter Varginha, a Nutrend Nutrition e a Magsul, além da🍉 fornecedora de seu material esportivo, a Kanxa.
O site oficial do clube chegou a ser hackeado e teve informações sobre partidas🍉 substituídas por dados sobre feminicídio e questionamentos da associação das empresas ao jogador.[11]
Em 2018, o clube fez uma boa campanha🍉 no Campeonato mineiro terminando a primeira fase em 7.° lugar.
Nas quartas de final perdeu para o América-MG por 1–0.
Naquele ano🍉 o clube também disputou a Série B, terminando a competição na ultima colocação com apenas 30 pontos, com isso a🍉 equipe de Varginha foi rebaixada a Série C de 2019
Pela Copa do Brasil 2018 a equipe passou da primeira fase🍉 com um empate em 0–0 com o Vitória da Conquista, já na segunda fase acabou derrotado nos pênaltis por 6–5🍉 pelo Goiás, após 0–0 no tempo normal.
Em 2019, o clube fez uma boa campanha no Campeonato Mineiro ficando em 4.
°🍉 lugar na primeira fase.
Nas quartas de final venceu o Tombense nos pênaltis e conquistou pela terceira vez o título de🍉 Campeão Mineiro do interior.
Na semifinal foi eliminado pelo Atlético Mineiro mas ainda assim conseguiu uma vaga na Copa do Brasil🍉 de 2020.
Pela Copa do Brasil de 2019 o boa decepcionou sendo eliminado logo na primeira fase pelo Foz do Iguaçu.
Na🍉 Série C, o clube não foi bem e brigou contra o rebaixamento durante todo o campeonato.
Acabou ficando em 8.
° lugar🍉 do seu grupo e se manteve na terceira divisão brasileira.[12]
Escudo do antigo Ituiutaba.
Escudo atual do Boa.
Participações em 2023
Campanhas no Campeonato🍉 Mineiro [ editar | editar código-fonte ]
Abaixo as classificações finais da equipe nas participações do Campeonato Mineiro a partir de🍉 2005.
Ano Pts J V E D GP GC SG % Classificação 2005 14 11 3 5 3 17 16 1🍉 42,42 6º 2006 18 11 6 0 5 18 18 0 54,54 5º 2007 11 11 3 2 6 10🍉 17 -1 33,33 9º 2008 20 13 5 5 3 19 19 0 51,28 4º 2009 20 15 8 2🍉 5 25 23 2 44,44 3º 2010 5 11 1 2 8 4 24 -20 15,15 12º 2012 12 11🍉 3 3 5 9 10 -1 36,36 8º 2013 11 11 3 2 6 12 19 -7 33,33 10º 2014🍉 16 11 5 1 5 12 14 -2 48,48 4º 2015 11 11 2 5 4 8 10 -2 33,3🍉 7º 2016 10 11 3 1 7 12 22 -10 30,3 12º 2018 14 12 4 2 5 5 10🍉 -5 34,3 7° 2019 20 14 5 5 4 22 22 0 47,6 4º 2020 15 12 3 6 3🍉 12 12 0 1,250 7º
Sedes e estádios [ editar | editar código-fonte ]
Em 2010 a equipe adquiriu uma área de🍉 2 alqueires (96 mil metros quadrados) para a construção de seu novo estádio, com capacidade inicial de 20 mil espectadores.
O🍉 responsável pelo projeto é o arquiteto Carlos Novaes.
[13] A previsão seria construir vestiários, sanitários, cabines para transmissão de emissoras de🍉 rádio e TV, estacionamento de veículos, bares e lanchonetes.
A estrutura das arquibancadas deve ser construída sobre os taludes da escavação.
Em🍉 2011 para atender o Estatuto do torcedor o time mudou seus mandos de jogos para o Estádio Municipal de Varginha.
Avalanche🍉 Tricolor (Ituiutaba)Referências
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Team sport played with a spherical ball
"Soccer" redirects here.
For other uses, see Soccer (disambiguation)
Association football, more commonly known as football❤️ or soccer,[a] is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to❤️ propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
The objective of the game is to score more goals than❤️ the opposing team by moving the ball beyond the goal line into a rectangular-framed goal defended by the opposing team.
Traditionally,❤️ the game has been played over two 45-minute halves, for a total match time of 90 minutes.
With an estimated 250❤️ million players active in over 200 countries and territories, it is the world's most popular sport.
The game of association football❤️ is played in accordance with the Laws of the Game, a set of rules that has been in effect since❤️ 1863 and maintained by the IFAB since 1886.
The game is played with a football that is 68–70 cm (27–28 in)❤️ in circumference.
The two teams compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the posts and under the❤️ bar), thereby scoring a goal.
When the ball is in play, the players mainly use their feet, but may use any❤️ other part of their body, except for their hands or arms, to control, strike, or pass the ball.
Only the goalkeepers❤️ may use their hands and arms, and only then within the penalty area.
The team that has scored more goals at❤️ the end of the game is the winner.
Depending on the format of the competition, an equal number of goals scored❤️ may result in a draw being declared, or the game goes into extra time or a penalty shootout.[5]
Internationally, association football❤️ is governed by FIFA.
Under FIFA, there are six continental confederations: AFC, CAF, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, OFC and UEFA.
Of these confederations, CONMEBOL❤️ is the oldest one, being founded in 1916.
National associations (e.g.
The FA or JFA) are responsible for managing the game in❤️ their own countries both professionally and at an amateur level, and coordinating competitions in accordance with the Laws of the❤️ Game.
The most senior and prestigious international competitions are the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA Women's World Cup.
The men's World❤️ Cup is the most-viewed sporting event in the world, surpassing the Olympic Games.
[6] The two most prestigious competitions in European❤️ club football are the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Women's Champions League, which attract an extensive television audience throughout❤️ the world.
Since 2009, the final of the men's tournament has been the most-watched annual sporting event in the world.[7]Name
Association football❤️ is one of a family of football codes that emerged from various ball games played worldwide since antiquity.
Within the English-speaking❤️ world, the sport is now usually called "football" in Great Britain and most of Ulster in the north of Ireland,❤️ whereas people usually call it "soccer" in regions and countries where other codes of football are prevalent, such as Australia,[8]❤️ Canada, South Africa, most of Ireland (excluding Ulster),[9] and the United States; in Japan, the game is also primarily called❤️ sakkā (サッカー), derived from "soccer".
A notable exception is New Zealand, where in the first two decades of the 21st century,❤️ under the influence of international television, "football" has been gaining prevalence, despite the dominance of other codes of football, namely❤️ rugby union and rugby league.[10]
The term soccer comes from Oxford "-er" slang, which was prevalent at the University of Oxford❤️ in England from about 1875, and is thought to have been borrowed from the slang of Rugby School.
Initially spelled assoccer,❤️ it was later reduced to the modern spelling.
[11] This form of slang also gave rise to rugger for rugby football,❤️ fiver and tenner for five pound and ten pound notes, and the now-archaic footer that was also a name for❤️ association football.
[12] The word soccer arrived at its final form in 1895 and was first recorded in 1889 in the❤️ earlier form of socca.[13]History
Kicking ball games arose independently multiple times across multiple cultures.
[b] Phaininda and episkyros were Greek ball games.
[15][16]❤️ An image of an episkyros player depicted in low relief on a stele of c.
375–400 BCE in the National Archaeological❤️ Museum of Athens[14] appears on the UEFA European Championship trophy.
[17] Athenaeus, writing in 228 CE, mentions the Roman ball game❤️ harpastum.
Phaininda, episkyros and harpastum were played involving hands and violence.
They all appear to have resembled rugby football, wrestling and volleyball❤️ more than what is recognizable as modern football.
[18][19][20][21][22][23] As with pre-codified mob football, the antecedent of all modern football codes,❤️ these three games involved more handling the ball than kicking it.[24][25]
The Chinese competitive game cuju (蹴鞠, literally "kick ball"; also❤️ known as tsu chu) resembles modern association football.
[26] Cuju players could use any part of the body apart from hands❤️ and the intent was to kick a ball through an opening into a net.
During the Han dynasty (206 BCE –❤️ 220 CE), cuju games were standardised and rules were established.
[18] Other East Asian games included kemari in Japan and chuk-guk❤️ in Korea, both influenced by cuju.
[27][28] Kemari originated after the year 600 during the Asuka period.
It was a ceremonial rather❤️ than a competitive game, and involved the kicking of a mari, a ball made of animal skin.
[29] In North America,❤️ pasuckuakohowog was a ball game played by the Algonquians; it was described as "almost identical to the kind of folk❤️ football being played in Europe at the same time, in which the ball was kicked through goals".[30]
Association football in itself❤️ does not have a classical history.
[17] Notwithstanding any similarities to other ball games played around the world, FIFA has described❤️ that no historical connection exists with any game played in antiquity outside Europe.
[31] The history of football in England dates❤️ back to at least the eighth century.
[32] The modern rules of association football are based on the mid-19th century efforts❤️ to standardise the widely varying forms of football played in the public schools of England.
The "Laws of the University Foot❤️ Ball Club" (Cambridge Rules) of 1856
The Cambridge rules, first drawn up at the University of Cambridge in 1848, were particularly❤️ influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football.
The Cambridge rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a❤️ meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shrewsbury schools.
They were not universally adopted.
During the 1850s, many clubs❤️ unconnected to schools or universities were formed throughout the English-speaking world to play various forms of football.
Some came up with❤️ their own distinct codes of rules, most notably the Sheffield Football Club, formed by former public school pupils in 1857,[33]❤️ which led to the formation of a Sheffield FA in 1867.
In 1862, John Charles Thring of Uppingham School also devised❤️ an influential set of rules.[34]
These ongoing efforts contributed to the formation of The Football Association (The FA) in 1863, which❤️ first met on the morning of 26 October 1863 at the Freemasons' Tavern in Great Queen Street, London.
[35] The only❤️ school to be represented on this occasion was Charterhouse.
The Freemasons' Tavern was the setting for five more meetings of The❤️ FA between October and December 1863; the English FA eventually issued the first comprehensive set of rules named Laws of❤️ the Game, forming modern football.
At the final meeting, the first FA treasurer, the representative from Blackheath F.C.
, withdrew his club❤️ from the FA over the removal of two draft rules at the previous meeting: the first allowed for running with❤️ the ball in hand; the second for obstructing such a run by hacking (kicking an opponent in the shins), tripping❤️ and holding.
Other English rugby clubs followed this lead and did not join the FA, and instead in 1871 formed the❤️ Rugby Football Union.
The eleven remaining clubs, under the charge of Ebenezer Cobb Morley, went on to ratify the original thirteen❤️ laws of the game.
[35] These rules included handling of the ball by "marks" and the lack of a crossbar, rules❤️ which made it remarkably similar to Victorian rules football being developed at that time in Australia.
The Sheffield FA played by❤️ its own rules until the 1870s, with the FA absorbing some of its rules until there was little difference between❤️ the games.[36]
The world's oldest football competition is the FA Cup, which was founded by the footballer and cricketer Charles W.
Alcock,❤️ and has been contested by English teams since 1872.
The first official international football match also took place in 1872, between❤️ Scotland and England in Glasgow, again at the instigation of Alcock.
England is also home to the world's first football league,❤️ which was founded in Birmingham in 1888 by Aston Villa director William McGregor.
[37] The original format contained 12 clubs from❤️ the Midlands and Northern England.[38]
Laws of the Game are determined by the International Football Association Board (IFAB).
[39] The board was❤️ formed in 1886[40] after a meeting in Manchester of the Football Association, the Scottish Football Association, the Football Association of❤️ Wales, and the Irish Football Association.
FIFA, the international football body, was formed in Paris in 1904 and declared that they❤️ would adhere to the Laws of the Game of the Football Association.
[41] The growing popularity of the international game led❤️ to the admittance of FIFA representatives to the IFAB in 1913.
The board consists of four representatives from FIFA and one❤️ representative from each of the four British associations.[42]
For most of the 20th century, Europe and South America were the dominant❤️ regions in association football.
The FIFA World Cup, inaugurated in 1930, became the main stage for players of both continents to❤️ show their worth and the strength of their national teams.
[43] In the second half of the century, the European Cup❤️ and the Copa Libertadores were created, and the champions of these two club competitions would contest the Intercontinental Cup to❤️ prove which team was the best in the world.[44]
In the 21st century, South America has continued to produce some of❤️ the best footballers in the world,[45] but its clubs have fallen behind the still dominant European clubs, which often sign❤️ the best players from Latin America and elsewhere.
[43][45] Meanwhile, football has improved in Africa, Asia and North America,[45] and nowadays,❤️ these regions are at least on equal grounds with South America in club football,[46] although countries in the Caribbean and❤️ Oceania regions (except Australia) have yet to make a mark in international football.
[47][48] When it comes to national teams, however,❤️ Europeans and South Americans continue to dominate the FIFA World Cup, as no team from any other region has managed❤️ to even reach the final.[43][45]
Football is played at a professional level all over the world.
Millions of people regularly go to❤️ football stadiums to follow their favourite teams,[49] while billions more watch the game on television or on the internet.
[50][51] A❤️ very large number of people also play football at an amateur level.
According to a survey conducted by FIFA published in❤️ 2001, over 240 million people from more than 200 countries regularly play football.
[52] Football has the highest global television audience❤️ in sport.[53]
In many parts of the world, football evokes great passions and plays an important role in the life of❤️ individual fans, local communities, and even nations.
Ryszard Kapuściński says that Europeans who are polite, modest, or humble fall easily into❤️ rage when playing or watching football games.
[54] The Ivory Coast national football team helped secure a truce to the nation's❤️ civil war in 2006[55] and it helped further reduce tensions between government and rebel forces in 2007 by playing a❤️ match in the rebel capital of Bouaké, an occasion that brought both armies together peacefully for the first time.
[56] By❤️ contrast, football is widely considered to have been the final proximate cause for the Football War in June 1969 between❤️ El Salvador and Honduras.
[57] The sport also exacerbated tensions at the beginning of the Croatian War of Independence of the❤️ 1990s, when a match between Dinamo Zagreb and Red Star Belgrade degenerated into rioting in May 1990.[58]
Women's association football has❤️ historically seen opposition, with national associations severely curbing its development and several outlawing it completely.
Restrictions started to be reduced in❤️ the 1970s and the first official women's World Cup[c] was the 1991 FIFA Women's World Cup in China with only❤️ 12 teams from the respective six confederations.
By the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup in France, this had increased to 24❤️ national teams, and a record-breaking 1.
12 billion viewers watched the competition.
[59]Women may have been playing football for as long as❤️ the game has existed.
Evidence shows that a similar ancient game (cuju, or tsu chu) was played by women during the❤️ Han dynasty (25–220 CE), as female figures are depicted in frescoes of the period playing tsu chu.
[60] There are also❤️ reports of annual football matches played by women in Midlothian, Scotland, during the 1790s.[62][63]
North team of the British Ladies', the❤️ first organised women's football team, here pictured in March 1895
Association football, the modern game, has documented early involvement of women.
[63]❤️ In 1863, football governing bodies introduced standardised rules to prohibit violence on the pitch, making it more socially acceptable for❤️ women to play.
[64] The first match recorded by the Scottish Football Association took place in 1892 in Glasgow.
[62] In England,❤️ the first recorded game of football between women took place in 1895.
[64] Women's football has traditionally been associated with charity❤️ games and physical exercise, particularly in the United Kingdom.[65]
The best-documented early European team was founded by activist Nettie Honeyball in❤️ England in 1894.
It was named the British Ladies' Football Club.
Honeyball is quoted as, "I founded the association late last year❤️ [1894], with the fixed resolve of proving to the world that women are not the 'ornamental and useless' creatures men❤️ have pictured.
I must confess, my convictions on all matters where the sexes are so widely divided are all on the❤️ side of emancipation, and I look forward to the time when ladies may sit in Parliament and have a voice❤️ in the direction of affairs, especially those which concern them most.
"[66] Honeyball and those like her paved the way for❤️ women's football.
However, the women's game was frowned upon by the British football associations and continued without their support.
It has been❤️ suggested that this was motivated by a perceived threat to the "masculinity" of the game.[67]
Women's football became popular on a❤️ large scale at the time of the First World War, when female employment in heavy industry spurred the growth of❤️ the game, much as it had done for men 50 years earlier.
The most successful team of the era was Dick,❤️ Kerr Ladies F.C.
of Preston, England.
The team played in one of the first women's international matches against a French XI team❤️ in 1920,[68][69] and also made up most of the England team against a Scottish Ladies XI in the same year,❤️ winning 22–0.[62]
Despite being more popular than some men's football events, with one match seeing a 53,000 strong crowd in 1920,[70][71]❤️ women's football in England suffered a blow in 1921 when The Football Association outlawed the playing of the game on❤️ association members' pitches,[72] stating that "the game of football is quite unsuitable for females and should not be encouraged".
[73] Players❤️ and football writers have argued that this ban was, in fact, due to envy of the large crowds that women's❤️ matches attracted,[71] and because the FA had no control over the money made from the women's game.
[73] The FA ban❤️ led to the formation of the short-lived English Ladies Football Association and play moved to rugby grounds.[74]
Young Finnish girls football❤️ team of Kolarin Kontio in Piteå, Sweden, in 2014
Association football continued to be played by women since the time of❤️ the first recorded women's games in the late 19th century.
[65][75] In December 1969, the Women's Football Association was formed in❤️ England,[65][76] and in 1971, Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) members voted to officially recognise women's football.
[65] Also in 1971,❤️ The Football Association rescinded the ban that prohibited women from playing on association members' pitches.
[76] In the late 1960s and❤️ early 1970s, women's association football was organised in the United Kingdom, eventually becoming the most prominent team sport for British❤️ women.
[65] Women's football also faced bans in several other countries, notably in Brazil from 1941 to 1979,[77] in France from❤️ 1941 to 1970,[78] and in Germany from 1955 to 1970.[79]
Women's football still faces many struggles, but its worldwide growth[80] has❤️ seen major competitions being launched at both the national and international levels, mirroring the men's competitions.
The FIFA Women's World Cup❤️ was inaugurated in 1991 and has been held every four years since,[81] while women's football has been an Olympic event❤️ since 1996.
[82] North America is the dominant region in women's football, with the United States winning most FIFA Women's World❤️ Cups and Olympic tournaments.
Europe and Asia come second and third in terms of international success,[83][84] and the women's game has❤️ been improving in South America.[85]Gameplay
One half of a professional football match (45 minutes) between Slovenian clubs NK Nafta 1903 and❤️ NK Dob.
The result after the half is 0–0.
Association football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as❤️ the Laws of the Game.
The game is played using a spherical ball of 68–70 cm (27–28 in) circumference,[86] known as❤️ the football (or soccer ball).
Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the other team's goal❤️ (between the posts and under the bar), thereby scoring a goal.
The team that has scored more goals at the end❤️ of the game is the winner; if both teams have scored an equal number of goals then the game is❤️ a draw.
Each team is led by a captain who has only one official responsibility as mandated by the Laws of❤️ the Game: to represent their team in the coin toss before kick-off or penalty kicks.[5]
The primary law is that players❤️ other than goalkeepers may not deliberately handle the ball with their hands or arms during play, though they must use❤️ both their hands during a throw-in restart.
Although players usually use their feet to move the ball around, they may use❤️ any part of their body (notably, "heading" with the forehead)[87] other than their hands or arms.
[88] Within normal play, all❤️ players are free to play the ball in any direction and move throughout the pitch, though players may not pass❤️ to teammates who are in an offside position.[89]
During gameplay, players attempt to create goal-scoring opportunities through individual control of the❤️ ball, such as by dribbling, passing the ball to a teammate, and by taking shots at the goal, which is❤️ guarded by the opposing goalkeeper.
Opposing players may try to regain control of the ball by intercepting a pass or through❤️ tackling the opponent in possession of the ball; however, physical contact between opponents is restricted.
Football is generally a free-flowing game,❤️ with play stopping only when the ball has left the field of play or when play is stopped by the❤️ referee for an infringement of the rules.
After a stoppage, play recommences with a specified restart.[90]
A player executing a slide tackle❤️ to dispossess an opponent
At a professional level, most matches produce only a few goals.
For example, the 2005–06 season of the❤️ English Premier League produced an average of 2.48 goals per match.
[91] The Laws of the Game do not specify any❤️ player positions other than goalkeeper,[92] but a number of specialised roles have evolved.
[93] Broadly, these include three main categories: strikers,❤️ or forwards, whose main task is to score goals; defenders, who specialise in preventing their opponents from scoring; and midfielders,❤️ who dispossess the opposition and keep possession of the ball to pass it to the forwards on their team.
Players in❤️ these positions are referred to as outfield players, to distinguish them from the goalkeeper.
These positions are further subdivided according to❤️ the area of the field in which the player spends the most time.
For example, there are central defenders and left❤️ and right midfielders.
The ten outfield players may be arranged in any combination.
The number of players in each position determines the❤️ style of the team's play; more forwards and fewer defenders creates a more aggressive and offensive-minded game, while the reverse❤️ creates a slower, more defensive style of play.
While players typically spend most of the game in a specific position, there❤️ are few restrictions on player movement, and players can switch positions at any time.
[94] The layout of a team's players❤️ is known as a formation.
Defining the team's formation and tactics is usually the prerogative of the team's manager.[95]Laws
"Rules of football"❤️ redirects here.
For the rules of other football games, see Football
There are 17 laws in the official Laws of the Game,❤️ each containing a collection of stipulations and guidelines.
The same laws are designed to apply to all levels of football for❤️ both sexes, although certain modifications for groups such as juniors, seniors and people with physical disabilities are permitted.
[d] The laws❤️ are often framed in broad terms, which allow flexibility in their application depending on the nature of the game.
The Laws❤️ of the Game are published by FIFA, but are maintained by the IFAB.
[96] In addition to the seventeen laws, numerous❤️ IFAB decisions and other directives contribute to the regulation of association football.
[97][98] Within the United States, Major League Soccer used❤️ a distinct ruleset during the 1990s[99] and the National Federation of State High School Associations and National Collegiate Athletic Association❤️ still use rulesets that are comparable to, but different from, the IFAB Laws.
Players, equipment, and officials
The referee officiates in a❤️ football match
Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes), one of whom must be the goalkeeper.
Competition rules❤️ may state a minimum number of players required to constitute a team, which is usually seven.
Goalkeepers are the only players❤️ allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, provided they do so within the penalty area in front❤️ of their own goal.
Though there are a variety of positions in which the outfield (non-goalkeeper) players are strategically placed by❤️ a coach, these positions are not defined or required by the Laws.[92]
The basic equipment or kit players are required to❤️ wear includes a shirt, shorts, socks, footwear and adequate shin guards.
An athletic supporter and protective cup is highly recommended for❤️ male players by medical experts and professionals.
[100][101] Headgear is not a required piece of basic equipment, but players today may❤️ choose to wear it to protect themselves from head injury.
[102] Players are forbidden to wear or use anything that is❤️ dangerous to themselves or another player, such as jewellery or watches.
The goalkeeper must wear clothing that is easily distinguishable from❤️ that worn by the other players and the match officials.[103]
A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the❤️ course of the game.
The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is five in❤️ 90 minutes,[104] with each team being allowed one more if the game should go into extra-time; the permitted number may❤️ vary in other competitions or in friendly matches.
Common reasons for a substitution include injury, tiredness, ineffectiveness, a tactical switch, or❤️ timewasting at the end of a finely poised game.
In standard adult matches, a player who has been substituted may not❤️ take further part in a match.
[105] IFAB recommends "that a match should not continue if there are fewer than seven❤️ players in either team".
Any decision regarding points awarded for abandoned games is left to the individual football associations.[106]
A game is❤️ officiated by a referee, who has "full authority to enforce the Laws of the Game in connection with the match❤️ to which he has been appointed" (Law 5), and whose decisions are final.
The referee is assisted by two assistant referees.
In❤️ many high-level games there is also a fourth official who assists the referee and may replace another official should the❤️ need arise.[107]
Goal line technology is used to measure if the whole ball has crossed the goal-line thereby determining whether a❤️ goal has been scored or not; this was brought in to prevent controversy.
Video assistant referees (VAR) have also been increasingly❤️ introduced in high-level matches to assist officials through video replays to correct clear and obvious mistakes.
There are four types of❤️ calls that can be reviewed: mistaken identity in awarding a red or yellow card, goals and whether there was a❤️ violation during the buildup, direct red card decisions, and penalty decisions.[108]Ball
The ball is spherical with a circumference of between 68❤️ and 70 cm (27 and 28 in), a weight in the range of 410 to 450 g (14 to 16❤️ oz), and a pressure between 0.6 and 1.
1 standard atmospheres (8.5 and 15.
6 pounds per square inch) at sea level.
In❤️ the past the ball was made up of leather panels sewn together, with a latex bladder for pressurisation, but modern❤️ balls at all levels of the game are now synthetic.[109][110]Pitch
Standard pitch measurements
As the Laws were formulated in England, and were❤️ initially administered solely by the four British football associations within IFAB, the standard dimensions of a football pitch were originally❤️ expressed in imperial units.
The Laws now express dimensions with approximate metric equivalents (followed by traditional units in brackets), though use❤️ of imperial units remains popular in English-speaking countries with a relatively recent history of metrication (or only partial metrication), such❤️ as Britain.[111]
The length of the pitch, or field, for international adult matches is in the range of 100–110 m (110–120❤️ yd) and the width is in the range of 64–75 m (70–80 yd).
Fields for non-international matches may be 90–120 m❤️ (100–130 yd) in length and 45–90 m (50–100 yd) in width, provided that the pitch does not become square.
In 2008,❤️ the IFAB initially approved a fixed size of 105 m (115 yd) long and 68 m (74 yd) wide as❤️ a standard pitch dimension for international matches;[112] however, this decision was later put on hold and was never actually implemented.[113]
The❤️ longer boundary lines are touchlines, while the shorter boundaries (on which the goals are placed) are goal lines.
A rectangular goal❤️ is positioned on each goal line, midway between the two touchlines.
[114] The inner edges of the vertical goal posts must❤️ be 7.
32 m (24 ft) apart, and the lower edge of the horizontal crossbar supported by the goal posts must❤️ be 2.
44 m (8 ft) above the ground.
Nets are usually placed behind the goal, but are not required by the❤️ Laws.[115]
In front of the goal is the penalty area.
This area is marked by the goal line, two lines starting on❤️ the goal line 16.
5 m (18 yd) from the goalposts and extending 16.
5 m (18 yd) into the pitch perpendicular❤️ to the goal line, and a line joining them.
This area has a number of functions, the most prominent being to❤️ mark where the goalkeeper may handle the ball and where a penalty foul by a member of the defending team❤️ becomes punishable by a penalty kick.
Other markings define the position of the ball or players at kick-offs, goal kicks, penalty❤️ kicks and corner kicks.[116]
Duration and tie-breaking methods
90-minute ordinary time
A standard adult football match consists of two halves of 45 minutes❤️ each.
Each half runs continuously, meaning that the clock is not stopped when the ball is out of play.
There is usually❤️ a 15-minute half-time break between halves.
The end of the match is known as full-time.
[117] The referee is the official timekeeper❤️ for the match, and may make an allowance for time lost through substitutions, injured players requiring attention, or other stoppages.
This❤️ added time is called "additional time" in FIFA documents,[118][119] but is most commonly referred to as stoppage time or injury❤️ time, while lost time can also be used as a synonym.
The duration of stoppage time is at the sole discretion❤️ of the referee.
Stoppage time does not fully compensate for the time in which the ball is out of play, and❤️ a 90-minute game typically involves about an hour of "effective playing time".
[120][121] The referee alone signals the end of the❤️ match.
In matches where a fourth official is appointed, towards the end of the half, the referee signals how many minutes❤️ of stoppage time they intend to add.
The fourth official then informs the players and spectators by holding up a board❤️ showing this number.
The signalled stoppage time may be further extended by the referee.
[117] Added time was introduced because of an❤️ incident which happened in 1891 during a match between Stoke and Aston Villa.
Trailing 1–0 with two minutes remaining, Stoke were❤️ awarded a penalty kick.
Villa's goalkeeper deliberately kicked the ball out of play; by the time it was recovered, the clock❤️ had run out and the game was over, leaving Stoke unable to attempt the penalty.
[122] The same law also states❤️ that the duration of either half is extended until the penalty kick to be taken or retaken is completed; thus,❤️ no game can end with an uncompleted penalty.[123]Tie-breaking
Most knockout competitions use a penalty shootout to decide the winner if a❤️ match ends as a draw
In league competitions, games may end in a draw.
In knockout competitions where a winner is required,❤️ various methods may be employed to break such a deadlock; some competitions may invoke replays.
[124] A game tied at the❤️ end of regulation time may go into extra time, which consists of two further 15-minute periods.
If the score is still❤️ tied after extra time, some competitions allow the use of penalty shootouts (known officially in the Laws of the Game❤️ as "kicks from the penalty mark") to determine which team will progress to the next stage of the tournament or❤️ be the champion.
Goals scored during extra time periods count towards the final score of the game, but kicks from the❤️ penalty mark are only used to decide the team that progresses to the next part of the tournament, with goals❤️ scored in a penalty shootout not making up part of the final score.[5]
In competitions using two-legged matches, each team competes❤️ at home once, with an aggregate score from the two matches deciding which team progresses.
Where aggregates are equal, the away❤️ goals rule may be used to determine the winners, in which case the winner is the team that scored the❤️ most goals in the leg they played away from home.
If the result is still equal, extra time and potentially a❤️ penalty shootout are required.[5]
Ball in and out of play
A player takes a free kick, while the opposition form a "wall"❤️ to try to block the ball
Under the Laws, the two basic states of play during a game are ball in❤️ play and ball out of play.
From the beginning of each playing period with a kick-off until the end of the❤️ playing period, the ball is in play at all times, except when either the ball leaves the field of play,❤️ or play is stopped by the referee.
When the ball becomes out of play, play is restarted by one of eight❤️ restart methods depending on how it went out of play:
Kick-off: following a goal by the opposing team, or to begin❤️ each period of play.[90]
Throw-in: when the ball has crossed the touchline; awarded to the opposing team to that which last❤️ touched the ball.[125]
Goal kick: when the ball has wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and❤️ having last been touched by a player of the attacking team; awarded to defending team.[126]
Corner kick: when the ball has❤️ wholly crossed the goal line without a goal having been scored and having last been touched by a player of❤️ the defending team; awarded to attacking team.[127]
Indirect free kick: awarded to the opposing team following "non-penal" fouls, certain technical infringements,❤️ or when play is stopped to caution or dismiss an opponent without a specific foul having occurred.
A goal may not❤️ be scored directly (without the ball first touching another player) from an indirect free kick.[128]
Direct free kick: awarded to fouled❤️ team following certain listed "penal" fouls.
[128] A goal may be scored directly from a direct free kick.
A goal may be❤️ scored directly from a direct free kick.
Penalty kick: awarded to the fouled team following a foul usually punishable by a❤️ direct free kick but that has occurred within their opponent's penalty area.[129]
Dropped-ball: occurs when the referee has stopped play for❤️ any other reason, such as a serious injury to a player, interference by an external party, or a ball becoming❤️ defective.
[90]MisconductOn-field
Players are cautioned with a yellow card, and dismissed from the game with a red card.
These colours were first introduced❤️ at the 1970 FIFA World Cup and used consistently since.
A foul occurs when a player commits an offence listed in❤️ the Laws of the Game while the ball is in play.
The offences that constitute a foul are listed in Law❤️ 12.
Handling the ball deliberately, tripping an opponent, or pushing an opponent, are examples of "penal fouls", punishable by a direct❤️ free kick or penalty kick depending on where the offence occurred.
Other fouls are punishable by an indirect free kick.[88]
The referee❤️ may punish a player's or substitute's misconduct by a caution (yellow card) or dismissal (red card).
A second yellow card in❤️ the same game leads to a red card, which results in a dismissal.
A player given a yellow card is said❤️ to have been "booked", the referee writing the player's name in their official notebook.
If a player has been dismissed, no❤️ substitute can be brought on in their place and the player may not participate in further play.
Misconduct may occur at❤️ any time, and while the offences that constitute misconduct are listed, the definitions are broad.
In particular, the offence of "unsporting❤️ behaviour" may be used to deal with most events that violate the spirit of the game, even if they are❤️ not listed as specific offences.
A referee can show a yellow or red card to a player, substitute, substituted player, and❤️ to non-players such as managers and support staff.[88][130]
Rather than stopping play, the referee may allow play to continue if doing❤️ so will benefit the team against which an offence has been committed.
This is known as "playing an advantage".
[131] The referee❤️ may "call back" play and penalise the original offence if the anticipated advantage does not ensue within "a few seconds".
Even❤️ if an offence is not penalised due to advantage being played, the offender may still be sanctioned for misconduct at❤️ the next stoppage of play.[132]
The referee's decision in all on-pitch matters is considered final.
[133] The score of a match cannot❤️ be altered after the game, even if later evidence shows that decisions (including awards/non-awards of goals) were incorrect.
Off-field
Along with the❤️ general administration of the sport, football associations and competition organisers also enforce good conduct in wider aspects of the game,❤️ dealing with issues such as comments to the press, clubs' financial management, doping, age fraud and match fixing.
Most competitions enforce❤️ mandatory suspensions for players who are sent off in a game.
[134] Some on-field incidents, if considered very serious (such as❤️ allegations of racial abuse), may result in competitions deciding to impose heavier sanctions than those normally associated with a red❤️ card.
[e] Some associations allow for appeals against player suspensions incurred on-field if clubs feel a referee was incorrect or unduly❤️ harsh.[134]
Sanctions for such infractions may be levied on individuals or on clubs as a whole.
Penalties may include fines, point deductions❤️ (in league competitions) or even expulsion from competitions.
For example, the English Football League deduct 12 points from any team that❤️ enters financial administration.
[135] Among other administrative sanctions are penalties against game forfeiture.
Teams that had forfeited a game or had been❤️ forfeited against would be awarded a technical loss or win.
Governing bodies
Headquarters of FIFA, the world governing body of football
The recognised❤️ international governing body of football (and associated games, such as futsal and beach soccer)[d] is FIFA.
The FIFA headquarters are located❤️ in Zürich, Switzerland.
Six regional confederations are associated with FIFA; these are:[136]
National associations (or national federations) oversee football within individual countries.
These❤️ are generally synonymous with sovereign states (for example, the Cameroonian Football Federation in Cameroon), but also include a smaller number❤️ of associations responsible for sub-national entities or autonomous regions (for example, the Scottish Football Association in Scotland).
211 national associations are❤️ affiliated both with FIFA and with their respective continental confederations.[136]
While FIFA is responsible for arranging competitions and most rules related❤️ to international competition, the actual Laws of the Game are set by the IFAB, where each of the UK Associations❤️ has one vote, while FIFA collectively has four votes.[42]
International competitions
The FIFA World Cup is the largest international competition in football❤️ and the world's most viewed sporting event
International competitions in association football principally consist of two varieties: competitions involving representative national❤️ teams or those involving clubs based in multiple nations and national leagues.
International football, without qualification, most often refers to the❤️ former.
In the case of international club competition, it is the country of origin of the clubs involved, not the nationalities❤️ of their players, that renders the competition international in nature.
The major international competition in football is the World Cup, organised❤️ by FIFA.
This competition has taken place every four years since 1930, with the exception of the 1942 and 1946 tournaments,❤️ which were cancelled because of World War II.
Approximately 190–200 national teams compete in qualifying tournaments within the scope of continental❤️ confederations for a place in the finals.
The finals tournament, held every four years, involves 32 national teams competing over a❤️ four-week period.
[f] The World Cup is the most prestigious association football tournament as well as the most widely viewed and❤️ followed sporting event in the world, exceeding even the Olympic Games; the cumulative audience of all matches of the 2006❤️ FIFA World Cup was estimated to be 26.
29 billion with an estimated 715.
1 million people watching the final match, a❤️ ninth of the entire population of the planet.
[137][138][139][140] The current champions are Argentina, who won their third title at the❤️ 2022 tournament in Qatar.
[141] The FIFA Women's World Cup has been held every four years since 1991.
Under the tournament's current❤️ format, national teams vie for 31 slots in a three-year qualification phase, with the host nation's team entering automatically as❤️ the 32nd slot.
The current champions are the United States, after winning their fourth title in the 2019 tournament.
Spanish footballers Fernando❤️ Torres, Juan Mata, and Sergio Ramos celebrating winning the UEFA European Championship
There has been a football tournament at every Summer❤️ Olympic Games since 1900, except at the 1932 games in Los Angeles.
[142] Before the inception of the World Cup, the❤️ Olympics (especially during the 1920s) were the most prestigious international event.
Originally, the tournament was for amateurs only.
[41] As professionalism spread❤️ around the world, the gap in quality between the World Cup and the Olympics widened.
The countries that benefited most were❤️ the Soviet Bloc countries of Eastern Europe, where top athletes were state-sponsored while retaining their status as amateurs.
Between 1948 and❤️ 1980, 23 out of 27 Olympic medals were won by Eastern Europe, with only Sweden (gold in 1948 and bronze❤️ in 1952), Denmark (bronze in 1948 and silver in 1960) and Japan (bronze in 1968) breaking their dominance.
For the 1984❤️ Los Angeles Games, the IOC decided to admit professional players.
Since 1992, male competitors must be under 23 years old, although❤️ since 1996, three players over the age of 23 have been allowed per squad.
A women's tournament was added in 1996;❤️ in contrast to the men's event, full international sides without age restrictions play the women's Olympic tournament.[143]
After the World Cup,❤️ the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between❤️ national teams.
These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), the African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup❤️ (AFC), the CONCACAF Gold Cup (CONCACAF) and the OFC Nations Cup (OFC).
The FIFA Confederations Cup was contested by the winners❤️ of all six continental championships, the current FIFA World Cup champions and the country which was hosting the next World❤️ Cup.
This was generally regarded as a warm-up tournament for the upcoming FIFA World Cup and did not carry the same❤️ prestige as the World Cup itself.
The tournament was discontinued following the 2017 edition.
The UEFA Nations League and the CONCACAF Nations❤️ League also exist.
The most prestigious competitions in club football are the respective continental championships, which are generally contested between national❤️ champions, for example, the UEFA Champions League in Europe and the Copa Libertadores in South America.
The winners of each continental❤️ competition contest the FIFA Club World Cup.[144]
Domestic competitions
The governing bodies in each country operate league systems in a domestic season,❤️ normally comprising several divisions, in which the teams gain points throughout the season depending on results.
Teams are placed into tables,❤️ placing them in order according to points accrued.
Most commonly, each team plays every other team in its league at home❤️ and away in each season, in a round-robin tournament.
At the end of a season, the top team is declared the❤️ champion.
The top few teams may be promoted to a higher division, and one or more of the teams finishing at❤️ the bottom are relegated to a lower division.[146]
The teams finishing at the top of a country's league may also be❤️ eligible to play in international club competitions in the following season.
The main exceptions to this system occur in some Latin❤️ American leagues, which divide football championships into two sections named Apertura and Clausura (Spanish for Opening and Closing), awarding a❤️ champion for each.
[147] The majority of countries supplement the league system with one or more "cup" competitions organised on a❤️ knock-out basis.
Some countries' top divisions feature highly paid star players; in smaller countries, lower divisions, and most of women's clubs,❤️ players may be part-timers with a second job, or amateurs.
The five top European leagues – Premier League (England),[148] Bundesliga (Germany),❤️ La Liga (Spain), Serie A (Italy), and Ligue 1 (France) – attract most of the world's best players and, during❤️ the 2006-07 season, each of these leagues had a total wage cost in excess of €600 million.[149]See alsoNotes
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